In federalism, who holds the predominant power in governance?

In federalism, the arrangement is characterized by a distribution of power between the national and state governments. The concept of shared governance is fundamental to federalism, allowing both levels of government to operate independently while also collaborating in certain areas. This means that while the national government handles issues that cross state boundaries or are of national importance, states retain authority over local matters and can enact their own laws and policies. This balance ensures that power is not concentrated in one entity, reflecting the democratic principle of ensuring multiple voices and interests are represented in government.

The other options do not accurately represent the nature of federalism. The statement that the national government holds all authority contradicts the very definition of federalism, which relies on the sharing of power. Suggesting that states govern without any national interference overlooks the fact that various powers, particularly those that are enumerated in the Constitution, are vested in the national government. Lastly, claiming that local governments enforce national laws simplifies the relationship between different government levels and does not reflect the collaborative framework inherent in federalism. Understanding this balance is crucial for recognizing how governance operates in a federal system.